The aircraft was equipped with four trailing edge flaps. After completing the retardant drop, the B137 crew sent a text message to the birddog pilot assigned to the Adaminaby fire-ground indicating that the conditions were ‘horrible down there. The Bureau of Meteorology analysed the conditions on the day and indicated that a cold front was approaching the accident location, with hot and strong north to north-westerly winds ahead of the front. This was the flight engineer’s first fire season. The pilots disengaged the autopilot, and switched to "Open Descent" mode, in an effort to capture the ILS glide path, the aircraft momentarily achieved descent rates of over -7000fpm. [27][18] From 22 March to 7 May 2020, the plane had remained grounded owing to flight cancellations amid the global COVID-19 pandemic. The audio included four landings conducted as part of the training in the aircraft on that day. This system was able to be monitored by the NSW RFS, and generally had an update rate of about 1 minute. [9][10] The aircraft's wings were reported as being on fire in the moments before the plane crashed into rooftops. Mayday Air crash investigations. Report. At that time, B134 was about 112 km north-east of Adaminaby, en route to the Adaminaby fire-ground. Source: Google Earth, Aireon and RFS tracking data, annotated by the ATSB. Mayday Air crash investigations. The CVR was successfully downloaded, however, no audio from the accident flight had been recorded. Restricted category in this instance refers to a type that has been manufactured in accordance with the requirements of, and accepted for use by, an Armed Force of the US and has been later modified for a special purpose. [46] The President, Arif Alvi, tweeted his condolences. About 4 seconds after the drop at 1315:21, the aircraft had a pitch-up attitude of about 12°, with an increase to about 30° angle of bank. Coulson Aviation are a USA (US) based operator, with US registered aircraft and US licensed crew contracted to Australia for the 2019/2020 fire season through the National Aerial Firefighting Centre. At 1012, the Richmond air base manager sent a text message to the air tanker and birddog pilots to advise them of an airport warning for wind gusts in excess of 35 kt between 1000 and 1700 at the Richmond base. A final report will be released at the conclusion of the investigation. All times in the report are referenced to the ADS-B data, with adjustments based on the recorded locations. Table 2 shows the parameters recorded by SkyTrac and ADS-B. QNH: the altimeter barometric pressure subscale setting used to indicate the height above mean sea level. The co-pilot’s most recent first-class medical examination was issued on 17 July 2019 with no limitations. [65], Ghulam Sarwar Khan, the federal minister for the Aviation Division, said that the full results of the inquiry would be made available within three months. Bans PIA From Airspace for Six Months", "Pakistan International has been banned from flying to and from Europe for six months", "U.S. bans Pakistan International Airlines flights over pilot concerns", "US bans Pakistan's PIA flights over pilots' fake license", "We regret to confirm that an A320 operated by Pakistan International Airlines was involved in an accident during flight #PK8303 from Lahore to Karachi on May, 22 2020. 8 months ago | 450 views. On 23 January 2020, at about 1205 Eastern Daylight-saving Time,[1] a Lockheed EC130Q (C‑130) aircraft, registered N134CG and contracted to the New South Wales (NSW) Rural Fire Service, departed Richmond RAAF Base, NSW. Airbus, the aircraft's manufacturer, stated they would be providing assistance to the investigation. As part of the investigation, ATSB investigators will also analyse available recorded data, review weather information, aircraft maintenance and flight crew records, and interview witnesses. Figure 2: Overview of the drop zone (red fire retardant) and accident location. ATC issued a second instruction to turn to descend. All flights had been suspended on 29 March; Pakistan International Airlines Flight 8303, banned from flying into the European Union, List of accidents and incidents involving the Airbus A320 family, "Captain Sajjad Gul Was Pilot, Usman Azam First Officer Of Unfortunate PK 8303", "Names of Pilot, Crew Members of PIA's Crashed Flight", "Preliminary Investigation Report Into Accident of PIAC Flight Pk8303 Airbus A320-214 Reg No AP-BLD Crashed Near Karachi Airport On 22-05-2020", "Pakistan plane crash: Khan calls for an investigation after Airbus jet come down near Karachi, killing dozens", "Dozens killed as passenger plane crashes near Karachi airport", "Pakistan passenger plane crashes in southern city of Karachi", "Pakistan plane crashes near Karachi, all 107 killed", "Pakistani passenger jet crashes near Karachi airport", "Plane crashes into residential area in Pakistan", "97 killed as plane crashes into residential area near Karachi airport", "At least 57 dead as Pakistan plane crashes in residential area in Karachi", "Scores feared dead as passenger jet crashes in Pakistan", "CCTV Video Shows PIA Plane Crashing Into Karachi Building", "Pakistan plane crash: Dozens die as jet hits homes in Karachi", "Pakistan plane crash: At least two survivors after aircraft carrying 98 people crashes in Karachi", "Pakistan crash pilot sent Mayday with 'lost engines': liveatc.net", "First landing attempt doomed PK8303: officials", "Many dead in Pakistan as PIA plane plunges into Karachi houses", "Pak plane crash: Pilot ignored warning about plane height from air traffic control", "Final death toll in Pakistan plane crash rises to 97", "Pakistan Plane Crashed: 97 died, Law Enforcement Operation", "Turbulence, warnings before Pakistan plane crash killed 97", "PIA plane carrying 99 on-board crashes in Karachi", "AP-BLD PIA Pakistan International Airlines Airbus A320-214", "Pakistan International Airlines AP-BLD (Airbus A320 – MSN 2274) (Ex B-6017)", "Crashed Airbus last checked on Mar 21, returned from Muscat a day ago", "Pakistan Airline Crash Victims Obituary: 97 people have died in Karachi, Pakistan", "Pakistan International Airlines flight to over 100 people onboard crashes near Karachi Airport; several dead", "Pakistan says 97 killed and two survived Karachi plane crash, after ending rescue operation", "Girl, 12, injured in Pakistan plane crash succumbs to injuries", "One American was aboard the plane that crashed in Karachi, official says", "Pakistani model Zara Abid feared dead in PIA plane crash", "Zara Abid not on the current list of crash survivors: Health Department", "Five Pakistan Army officers martyred in PIA plane crash", "Plane tragedy: The Eid surprise that never was", "97 dead, 2 survived as Pakistan plane crashes into crowded Karachi colony", "Survivor recalls horror of Karachi crash - Chinadaily.com.cn", "Girl injured on ground when plane crashed loses battle with burns", "Govt ready to include global pilots' body in crash probe", "19 bodies of PIA crash victims forcibly taken away from morgue: Edhi", "1Plane crash: Families question DNA sampling by Sindh forensic lab", "Shocked & saddened by the PIA crash. PROB30 means 30 per cent chance of forecast conditions occurring. A review of the Airservices Australia audio recording of the applicable air traffic control frequency found no distress calls were made by the crew prior to the impact. One resident noted that, although the prevailing wind was from the north-west, the direction and strength at ground level were also being influenced by the local terrain. The crew had been tasked with a fire retardant drop over the ‘Adaminaby Complex’ bush fire. The T56‑A‑15 is a constant speed engine, with a variable pitch propeller. [4]:12 The contact with the runway may have caused substantial damage to the engines' critical components located on the underside, consequently leading to failure. Table 1, based on the operator’s records, details the crew’s sign on and sign off times for the 3 days before the accident. [8] At about 1225, B137 departed the Adaminaby fire‑ground, having successfully deployed a retardant load. At the time of the accident, Coulson Aviation had a fixed wing fleet in Australia consisting of two C130 aircraft, and one Boeing 737 aircraft. The PIC was initially trained as a navigator and pilot in the United States Air National Guard. About 12 minutes prior to the accident, the Cooma-Snowy Mountains Airport weather station indicated a wind speed of 25 kt, gusting to 39 kt, from a direction of 320°. At about 1121, B137 had commenced taxiing at Richmond for a task when the crew were re‑tasked to the Adaminaby fire-ground. [8][25][26] It was powered by CFM56-5B4/P engines,[27] which were most recently installed in February and May 2019. (KSLA) - Two people are dead after a plane crash near Barksdale Air Force Base (BAFB), officials with the base confirm. It was reported that the crew on B134 normally selected 100 per cent volume and released the drop button once the desired amount had been dispensed. The power supply for the CVR was fitted with an inertia switch. [29][59][60] Subsequently, an 11-member Airbus team visited the crash site on 26 May. On 13 September 2019, the co-pilot completed the operator’s crew resource management and controlled flight into terrain awareness courses, and reviewed the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service’s air tanker pilot training video. The ATSB has deployed a team of transport safety investigators with experience in aircraft operations, maintenance and data recovery to the accident site, to begin the evidence collection phase of the investigation, including conducting site mapping and identifying aircraft components for recovery for examination at specialist technical facilities. The aircraft was initially built as an EC130Q, however, all specialised military equipment had been removed, and it was considered to be the equivalent of a C130H. A CVR system check was not included in any of the operator’s checklists, and none of the operator’s flight crew were aware of the need to check this system status prior to flight. [42][needs update] Edhi Foundation has reported about 19 bodies being taken away by relatives by force from its morgue, without providing proof to establish identity or waiting for identification through DNA testing. The recording shows the aircraft touching down on the runway on its engines with sparks resulting from friction with the asphalt at high speed. [71], Before the first landing attempt (according to the CVR and FDR), multiple alerts including the over speed and gear unsafe warning, as well as ground proximity warning system (GPWS) all sounded, but were either missed or disregarded by the flight crew. The ATSB will continue to consult with the engine and airframe type certificate holders. Additionally, the flight crew of B137 reported that the wind conditions at Adaminaby at about 1200 were 50 kt at 800 ft AGL, and about 37 kt at 200 ft AGL. The aircraft was lost in international waters and, in such circumstances, Annex 13 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation places a responsibility on the State of Registration of the aircraft, in this case the USA as repre… The search for survivors, coordinated by the authorities in Guernsey, was called off at 1515 hrs on 24 January 2019. [55] The EASA also banned the airline from flying to the United Kingdom. [18] This is supported by the conversation between the aircraft and air traffic control which indicates that the aircraft was constantly losing altitude. While B137 was still at the fire-ground, at about 1205, B134 departed Richmond with the PIC, co‑pilot and flight engineer on board. [23] Faisal Edhi said 25–30 people were hospitalized, mostly due to burns. When conducting initial attack operations, crews complete several circuits to assess hazards and drop conditions. The recovered audio was of crew training flights undertaken on 7 May 2019 near Sacramento McClellan Airport, California. Of the 91 passengers and 8 crew on board the aircraft, 97 were killed, and two passengers survived with injuries. At about the same time, the RFS ground firefighters at the Good Good fire-ground, near Feeney’s Road in Peak View, contacted the Cooma FCC and requested additional assets for property protection. Due to the extent of damage, the elevator, aileron and rudder trim settings could not be established. The SkyTrac unit recorded data at 5 second intervals. From the witness video, it was unclear if the aircraft flew behind the smoke or entered the smoke. Readers are cautioned that new evidence will become available as the investigation progresses that will enhance the ATSB's understanding of the accident as outlined in this preliminary report. Air Crash Investigation 2020. Jinnah Airport is surrounded by urban areas on all sides save for the north side, which leads to a scenario very similar to San Diego or Kai Tak with jets having to pass low over urban buildings before landing on one of the two runways. They were advised that a LAT would be passing overhead in about 10 minutes. The aircraft was designated as a ‘large air tanker’. During B137’s return flight to Richmond, the Richmond air base manager requested that they reload the aircraft in Canberra and return to Adaminaby. [47] Many international leaders and celebrities also sent their condolences. From the aircraft’s recorded tracking data, the crew conducted three left circuits, at about 1,500 ft, 500 ft and 1,000 ft AGL respectively, prior to commencing the drop circuit. [18], The PIA's engineering department reported that the last routine maintenance check on the plane was conducted on 21 March 2020, and the most comprehensive check was last performed on 19 October 2019, during which no defects were found in its engines, landing gear or avionics. This included winds of 30-40 kt at 0839, 40-50 kt at 0902, and 52 kt at 0937. It indicated wind speeds of 25 kt, gusting to 48 kt, with a mean wind direction of 300° from 1100 and visibility reduced to 8,000 m in light showers. the evidence) are preserved and kept in safe custody. [20] The pilot[specify] had a flying experience of 18,000 flight hours. All three aircraft were based at Richmond Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Base, NSW, about 316 km north-east of the Adaminaby fire-ground. 2.2K likes. On 23 January 2020, at about 1205 Eastern Daylight-saving Time,[1]a Lockheed EC130Q (C‑130) aircraft, registered N134CG and contracted to the New South Wales (NSW) Rural Fire Service, departed Richmond RAAF Base, NSW. The SkyTrac unit was recovered from the wreckage and transported to the ATSB’s technical facility for examination and download. [4]:12, In the footage of the crash from the CCTV camera on the building near the crash site, the aircraft's landing gear was extended at the moment of impact. The modifications included the installation of an avionics package and firefighting tank system known as Retardant Aerial Delivery System XXL (RADS). Throughout the report, the aircraft is referred to as a C130. At about 1155, B137 arrived overhead the Adaminaby fire-ground. When only 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) from the airport, the aircraft was at an altitude of 7,000 feet instead of 3,000 feet (910 m). Aircraft. Air Crash Investigation @2018. At the same time, the aircraft pitch attitude had decreased to about 6°. Browse more videos. Although the emergency condition for the jettison was a simulated scenario, the pilot was still required to perform a live jettison of the load (water) in this training sequence. Witnesses reported seeing the aircraft complete a number of circuits, prior to completing the retardant drop. Throughout this period, the recorded groundspeed increased slightly to a maximum of 151 kt. The modifications included the installation of an avionics package and firefighting tank system, known as the Retardant Aerial Delivery System XXL (RADS). [6] The pandemic had already stretched the healthcare resources of the city and the crash intensified the burden. 38:35. As such, no analysis or findings are included. Table 2: SkyTrac and ADS-B recorded parameters. One of the airport's CCTV cameras recorded the aircraft's first landing attempt and screenshots from the recording were used in the preliminary report. [44], The Sindh Minister of Health and Population Welfare declared a state of emergency for Karachi's hospitals, while Prime Minister Imran Khan ordered all available resources to the crash site, as did the chief of staff of the Pakistan Air Force. Key points: It is understood the pilot … Air Crash Investigation (TGL) Air Crash Investigation- Loss of Control (new Series) 44:57. Air Crash Investigation 2020. The ATSB has been advised of the following proactive safety action taken by Coulson Aviation in response to this accident: To-date, the ATSB has interviewed Coulson Aviation pilots and key personnel, NSW RFS personnel involved in the large air tanker and aviation operations, witnesses, C130 and other aerial firefighting pilots, and key personnel in overseas aerial firefighting operations. The RADS system was designed that, if less than 100 per cent volume was selected, the system would disarm after a partial load drop, and the crew would need to re-arm the system to complete further releases. At about 1309 (7 minutes prior to the accident), the station recorded a mean wind of 15 kt from the west and a peak gust of 32 kt from the north. Figure 2: B134’s approach and circuits overhead the drop location, and the position of the firefighters, Source: Google earth and Skytrac data, annotated by the ATSB, The ATSB’s analysis of the witness videos found that, at the completion of the drop at 1315:17, the aircraft was observed to be banked about 17° to the left (Figure 3). The Bureau of Meteorology considered the conditions on the day were favourable for mountain wave development, and satellite imagery of cloud formations confirmed their presence in the general area of the accident. This resulted in a take-off weight of about 147,253 lb (66,826 kg) and centre of gravity at the aft limit. On the flight engineer application form, the flight engineer reported accruing 4,050 hours on the C130 aircraft. Cloud cover: in aviation, cloud cover is reported using words that denote the extent of the cover – broken indicates that more than half to almost all the sky is covered. [66] The engines had scraped the runway three times on the pilot's first attempt to land, causing friction and sparks. [56] On 9 July, PIA was banned from flying to the United States. Following the retardant drop (Figure 2), the aircraft was observed to bank left, before becoming obscured by smoke[2] after about 5 seconds. This solid-state memory CVR recorded crew and cockpit audio for a recording duration of at least 30 minutes. The birddog pilot had experienced moderate to severe turbulence in the Snowy Mountains region about 2 weeks prior to the day of the accident. A Bureau of Meteorology graphical area forecast, issued at 0924 and valid for the time of the flight, forecast moderate mountain wave activity above 3,000 ft (above mean sea level) in the area of operation from Richmond to Cooma, and included the Adaminaby and Good Good fire grounds. [28] At about 1330 (14 minutes after the accident), the station recorded a mean wind of 16 kt from the west and a peak gust of 42 kt from the north-west. From the video, it was unclear if the aircraft flew behind the smoke or entered the smoke. Following this, the aircraft was then observed descending. Every episode features eyewitness accounts, captivating reenactments, state-of-the-art CGI, and interviews with the investigators who ultimately determined what went wrong. Figure 5: Accident circuit with predominant wind direction and terrain, Source: Google earth and SkyTrac data, annotated by the ATSB. MAFFS are portable fire retardant delivery systems that can be inserted in C130 aircraft without major structural modifications to convert them to air tankers when needed. If air is being forced over terrain, it will move downward along the lee slopes, then oscillate in a series of waves as it moves downstream, sometimes propagating long distances downwind. The ATSB acknowledges the support of the NSW Police Force, NSW Rural Fire Service, NSW Fire and Rescue, the Australian Defence Force, and those involved with facilitating safe access to an active fire ground and supporting the ATSB’s on-site investigation team. The flight, piloted by captain Sajjad Gul and first officer Usman Azam,[1][2] took off from Lahore at 13:05. [5][12] Video footage of the crash scene showed emergency teams trying to reach the scene amid the rubble, clouds of black smoke and flames in the background. In addition, the ATSB has conducted a detailed examination of the aircraft, engines and propellers; reviewed recorded RFS radio calls; and engaged C130 subject matter experts. Two firefighters were located on Feeney’s Road (800 m from the accident site), and videoed the aircraft during the retardant drop and subsequent accident. [36][37], Meeran Yousaf, the spokesman of Sindh Health Department, has said eight residents of the Model Colony were injured in the crash and most victims' corpses had suffered burns. Air Crash Investigation Unsolved History Flight KAL-007 (new 2017) [70], The aircraft was at an altitude of 9,800 at navigation-waypoint MAKLI, whereas it was expected to be at 3,000 ft. July 28, 2019. [11] One of the pilots told the controller, "we are returning back, sir, we have lost engines." They reported that their analysis of the weather conditions in the accident area was consistent with what was forecast on the day. The operator’s records show they signed on between 0800 and 1000, and signed off between 1700 and 2100, with their duty times varied between 7.5 and 12 hours per day. The wreckage trail (Figure 3) was approximately on a heading of 100°, with the initial impact at an elevation of about 3,440 ft above mean sea level. The aircraft had a current certificate of airworthiness, and was maintained in accordance with an FAA approved program. 45:46. The automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B) data showed that after arriving at the Adaminaby fire-ground (Figure 1), the crew of B134 completed several circuits at about 2,000 ft AGL. Airbus is providing assistance to the investigation", "Airbus to provide full technical cooperation to PIA, Air France, and CFM International: letter", "Airbus experts visit PIA plane crash site in Karachi as probe opens", "Black Box Of Crashed Pakistan Flight Found In Karachi", "Cockpit Voice Recorder Recovered From Debris Of Crashed Pak Plane", "Black box of Pakistan flight PK8303 en route to France for air crash investigation", "Govt vows impartial probe into plane crash within 3 months", "Preliminary report of PIA plane crash raises new questions", "PK-8303 crash: Investigators hold pilot responsible", "Pilots were overconfident and unfocused because of coronavirus: PIA crash report", "PIA Plane Crash Investigation Report Public, Who was the responsible? Following the accident, the ATSB received multiple witness reports of the weather conditions at Peak View. The aircraft was not fitted with a flight data recorder, nor was it required to be by Australian or US regulations. A SIGMET[3] issued at 0947 forecast severe turbulence below 10,000 ft. However, the audio was from a previous flight when the aircraft was operating in the US. [43] Some families of the victims have alleged that the DNA identification tests carried out by the authorities were improper, accusing them of delay and misidentification. A detailed review of the available recorded data is ongoing and will be included in the ATSB’s final investigation report. The investigation is continuing and will include consideration of the following: Should a critical safety issue be identified during the course of the investigation, the ATSB will immediately notify relevant parties so appropriate and timely safety action can be taken. Previously owned by the United States Navy, the aircraft was re-purposed for firefighting activities and registered as N134CG in 2018 (Figure 4). The Retardant Aerial Delivery system (RADS) software was reprogrammed so that the system will not require re-arming between partial load drops where less than 100 per cent volume is selected. The Cooma FCC received reports of strong winds in the area from the fire-control pilots in the early morning. [5][9][29][30][15] The death toll was confirmed as 97, consisting solely of those on board the plane[11][31] but later one of those injured on the ground died. All flaps had separated from the aircraft during the impact sequence. The PIC’s most recent first-class medical examination was on 5 September 2019, with the certificate issued with a limitation to wear corrective lenses. Five people have been killed in a plane crash on a beach on Queensland's Cape York Peninsula, police say. They also reported to the Cooma FCC that the conditions were unsuitable for firebombing operations. Follow. On 16 September 2019, the co-pilot was issued with an airplane pilot qualification card from the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service for the C130 aircraft, which included the authorised missions of: Low level (below 500 ft above ground level); Mountainous terrain; and Airtanker SIC (second-in-command). [11], The crashed aircraft was an Airbus A320-214,[24] built in 2004, with manufacturer's serial number 2274, and owned by GE Capital Aviation Services (GECAS). It's the deadliest crash in Ireland in decades, and it's up to the Irish Air Accident Investigation Unit to figure out what went wrong. Accredited representatives from the United States National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) have been appointed to participate in the investigation. Mayday / Air Crash Investigation / Air Disasters. The EASA stated that the decision could be appealed. At about 1242, the crew of B134 contacted air traffic control (ATC), advising them of the co‑ordinates they would be working at, provided an ‘ops normal’[9] call time, and confirmed there was no reported instrument flight rules[10] traffic in the area. Windshear is defined as a wind direction and/or speed change over a vertical or horizontal distance. In July 2018, the aircraft manufacturer published service bulletin 382-57-97 to address accelerated structural fatigue for C130 aircraft performing air tanker operations. The information contained in this interim report is released in accordance with section 26 of the Transport Safety Investigation Act 2003. The last daily inspection conducted on 22 January 2020, at the end of the day’s flying activities the day before the accident, identified the propeller anti-icing system on engine number 2 was unserviceable, and rectification had been deferred in accordance with the minimum equipment list.[19]. Interim reports contain no analysis or findings, which will be detailed in the investigation’s final report. Information from the crew’s telephones and hotel records, in addition to work and flying duties, were used to determine their activities in the previous days. However, they were unable to determine the severity of the mountain wave activity from the data available. Whether or not the ATSB identifies safety issues in the course of an investigation, relevant organisations may proactively initiate safety action in order to reduce their safety risk. IFR-capable aircraft have greater equipment and maintenance requirements. The system also included an emergency dump switch, which, when activated, fully opened the doors and jettisoned the load. The accident site was located on slightly sloping, partially wooded terrain, about 50 km north-east of the Cooma-Snowy Mountains Airport. The co-pilot held a current airline transport pilot certificate and ratings for multi-engine land aircraft, including the EC130Q (second-in-command privileges only), issued by the FAA on 7 November 2019. All the assessed sequences, which included jettison of the load during an emergency condition,[17] were recorded as satisfactory. N134CG arrived in Australia in November 2019. [18] The landing gear was still in the retracted position when the aircraft attempted its first landing. [23] According to a witness statement collected by Reuters, the plane hit a mobile phone tower in the vicinity of the airport as it crashed. At 1259, the crew of B134 contacted ATC, to advise them that they had been re‑tasked to the Good Good fire-ground for a retardant drop, and provided the updated co‑ordinates. Most viewed. TV Show. [5] ISPR, the Pakistani military's media wing, reported that special forces of the Pakistan Army and Pakistan Rangers had set up a cordon. The accident flight occurred on the PIC’s 9th day, and the co-pilot’s and flight engineer’s 11th day of their respective current duty periods. [34][35] Five officers from the Pakistan Army and one from the Pakistan Air Force were also among the victims. The CVR was recovered from the aircraft and transported to the ATSB’s technical facility in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, on 25 January 2020 for examination and download. [46], The government announced a compensation of ₨1 million (₨ 10 lakh, US$6,250) each for the families of those killed, and ₨500,000 (₨ 5 lakh, US$3,125) each for the two survivors. [11][12] The crash damaged buildings in the area,[9] some of which caught fire. [38][39][40] Ten days after the accident, one of the injured residents, a child maid, died in the hospital due to burn injuries. The drop was conducted on a heading of about 190°, at about 200 ft above ground level, with a drop time of approximately 2 seconds. 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[ 45 ] while PIA was reported to the crash damaged buildings in the Snowy Mountains region about weeks...