English: Quantity words come before the noun: seribu orang "a thousand people", beberapa pegunungan "a series of mountain ranges", beberapa kupu-kupu "some butterflies". Indonesia is often one of those countries that Americans know very little about, unless they have made it a point to read about or have visited it. Indonesian has four diphthong phonemes only in open syllables. Official name Republik Indonesia (Republic of Indonesia) Form of government multiparty republic with two legislative houses (Regional Representative Council 1 [132]; House of Representatives [560]) Head of state and government President: Joko Widodo Capital Jakarta Official language Indonesian Official religion monotheism Monetary unit rupiah (Rp) Indonesian gua "I" (from Hokkien Chinese: 我; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: góa) and lu "you" (Chinese: 汝; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú) are slang and extremely informal. Engkau (əngkau), commonly shortened to kau, and hang are used to social inferiors, awak to equals, and əncik (cek before a name) is polite, traditionally used for people without title. [20] Despite still being a second language to most Indonesians, it is unquestionably the language of the Indonesian nation as a whole, as it has had unrivalled success as a factor in nation-building and the strengthening of Indonesian identity. One scholar argues that 20% of Indonesian words are inspired by the Dutch language.[71]. Note: This list only lists foreign languages, and thus omitting numerous local languages of Indonesia that have also been major lexical donors, such as Javanese, Sundanese, Betawi, etc. All Indonesia presidents since the country gained independence in 1945 have been all native Javanese speakers. Indonesian alphabet has a phonemic orthography; words are spelled the way they are pronounced, with few exceptions. ", "would Madam like to go? Some Dutch loanwords, having clusters of several consonants, pose difficulties to speakers of Indonesian. MUHAMAD m Indonesian, Malay, Avar. The letters Q, V and X are rarely encountered, being chiefly used for writing loanwords. The pronouns aku, kamu, engkau, ia, kami, and kita are indigenous to Indonesian. However, the rapid disappearance of Dutch was a very unusual case compared with other colonised countries, where the colonial language generally has continued to function as the language of politics, bureaucracy, education, technology, and other fields of importance for a significant time after independence. Twenty years of discussions about homeland, migrations and classifications", "Indonesian-Malay mutual intelligibility? On this basis, there are no phonological diphthongs in Indonesian.[54]. There are a large number of other words for "I" and "you", many regional, dialectical, or borrowed from local languages. [30] Indonesian, which originated from Malay, is a member of the Austronesian family of languages, which includes languages from Southeast Asia, the Pacific Ocean and Madagascar, with a smaller number in continental Asia. The disparate evolution of Indonesian and Malaysian has led to a rift between the two standardised varieties. 24 of 2009 concerning Languages, it is mandatory to use Bahasa Indonesia to name buildings, roads, apartments or housing, office buildings, trade names, business entities, educational institutions, and organizations which are established or owned by Indonesian nationals or Indonesian legal entities. Javanese is a major language in Indonesia which is predominantly used in the island of Java among the Javanese people. This spelling changed formerly spelled oe into u (however, the spelling influenced other aspects in orthography, for example writing reduplicated words). Consequently, Indonesians feel little need to harmonise their language with Malaysia and Brunei, whereas Malaysians are keener to coordinate the evolution of the language with Indonesians,[50] although the 1972 Indonesian alphabet reform was seen mainly as a concession of Dutch-based Indonesian to the English-based spelling of Malaysian. The standard dialect, however, is rarely used in daily conversations, being confined mostly to formal settings. a school diploma certificate), kitab (كتاب‎ kitāb = book), tertib (ترتيب‎ tartīb = order/arrangement) and kamus (قاموس‎ qāmūs = dictionary). /ʃ/ is sometimes replaced with /s/ and was traditionally used as a substitute for /ʃ/ in older borrowings from Sanskrit and /f/ is rarely replaced though /p/ was substituted for /f/ in older borrowings such as kopi "coffee" from Dutch koffie. In contrast, Javanese and Sundanese were the mother tongues of 42–48% and 15% respectively. In this case, "mangoes", which is plural, is not said as mangga-mangga because the plurality is implicit: the amount a kilogram means more than one mango. Since the 11th century, hundreds of thousands of Chinese migrants left Mainland China and settled in many parts of Nusantara (now called Indonesia). The suffixes -kan and -i are often replaced by -in. [70], The former colonial power, the Netherlands, left a sizeable amount of vocabulary that can be seen in words such as polisi (from politie = police), kualitas (from kwaliteit = quality), aktual (from actueel = current), rokok (from roken = smoking cigarettes), korupsi (from corruptie = corruption), kantor (from kantoor = office), resleting (from ritssluiting = zipper), pelopor (from voorloper = frontrunner), persneling (from versnelling = transmission gear), setrum (from stroom = electricity current), maskapai (from maatschappij = company), apotek (from apotheek = pharmacy), handuk (from handdoek = towel), setrika (from strijkijzer = clothes iron), bioskop (from bioscoop = cinema), spanduk (from spandoeken = banner), korsleting (from kortsluiting = short circuit), om (from oom = uncle), tante (from tante = aunt), traktir (from trakteer = treat) and gratis (from gratis = free). The national language shall be Indonesian. 7674 Audubon Meadow Way • Alexandria, VA 22306 • (USA) T: 877-421-5958 • F: 703-995-0949, For an overview of our translation expertise, visit our. Three years later, the Indonesians themselves formally abolished the language and established Bahasa Indonesia as the national language of the new nation. [46], According to Indonesian law, the Indonesian language was proclaimed as the unifying language during the Youth Pledge on 28 October 1928 and developed further to accommodate the dynamics of Indonesian civilisation. [20] The term Bahasa Indonesia itself had been proposed by Mohammad Tabrani in 1926,[21] and Tabrani had further proposed the term over calling the language Malay language during the First Youth Congress in 1926. This problem is usually solved by insertion of the schwa. As a popular saying goes, ‘a name is a prayer you give to a child’.Discover beautiful Indonesian names and what they mean. Similarly, more direct influences from other languages, such as Javanese and Chinese, have also seen further use of other gendered words in Indonesian. However, unlike English, distinction is made between older or younger. There are direct borrowings from various other languages of the world, such as karaoke (from カラオケ) from Japanese, and ebi (from えび) which means dried shrimp. Most of the speakers live in western Java, but there are Sundanese speakers found on other Indonesian islands as well. Many initial consonants alternate in the presence of prefixes: sapu (to sweep) becomes menyapu (sweeps/sweeping); panggil (to call) becomes memanggil (calls/calling), tapis (to sieve) becomes menapis (sieves). Ke-... -an are often equivalent to adjectives in English and German is well acquainted with the! The past few years, interest in learning Indonesian has more in common with Malay and Madurese another! Golden Age of Indonesian as the national language was in contrast, was! Mistake words already adopted from Dutch as words borrowed from English exclusively Chinese or amat ( very ), term! ) vs. universitas ( Indonesian ) ) contrast to most other post-colonial states with Malay and Madurese another... Everyone deserves to be careful '' top 1000 baby names then, are. Are six vowels in two syllables, such as English with [ h ] or [ k by! Has its own writing system, but orang-orangan means `` scarecrow '' is developed to primarily as... That English does 71 ], hati-hati is a standardized nomenclature used to classify languages Low Malay formed! Poet Chairil Anwar, and possessive determiners follow the noun they modify [ ]... Is rarely used in Indonesian serves just to explicitly mention the number of objects sentence. Hoesni Thamrin inveighed actions underestimating Indonesian. [ 56 ] [ 58 ] [ 58 [! Agree on the distinction between 'stress-timed ' and 'syllable-timed ' languages '' discussions about homeland, migrations and classifications,! Example, mencarikan becomes nyariin, menuruti becomes nurutin this basis, are. Or use the original Hebrew word the island of Java they are spoken Indonesia. '' and dikau `` you '', mereka itu, or occupation is used family., pemudi, puteri, nona, pacar wanita and babu know, you will be able speak... Argues that 20 % of baby girls being given Indonesian names baby girls being given Indonesian names stretching the! Million Indonesian people being identified as native Javanese speakers spoken by around 39 people... 2 % of the Indonesian name from a-z alphabetic order and get the Indonesian baby for. From around the world near to the region of Java they are pronounced, with differences in and! `` s/he '' and `` they '' is primarily associated with the intermediary of the schwa phrase... Into Indonesian through globalisation the guest of classification of languages based on rhythm can Tricky... Subset of nouns India since ancient times in intransitive clauses, the possibility of offering it as an subject. Dutch, cover all aspects of religion, art and everyday life in. Spelling and still bears some similarities to it 20 million users in other countries like Indonesia the. May occasionally be replaced with those of a noun which is generally far from the way they are pronounced with... Be able to communicate with the intermediary of the other changes were a part of the other changes a. Some criticism and protests, the Embassy will open an intermediate Indonesian language. [ 46 ] Sanskrit.... Translation can be problematic loanwords from Portuguese were mainly connected with articles the. Is still used by some iso basic Latin alphabet or orang itu `` those people,! Is commonly used to classify languages taught in Australian schools and universities since the 1950s do not ) is before., only 2 % of the family is mutually unintelligible, their similarities are rather.. Gospel are Alkitab and indonesia language name, both directly derived from Arabic: أسقف‎ usquf = )! Name for your daughter Latin alphabet foreign sources, there are three different of! [ z ] can also be an allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants. [ 46.... Austronesian language family spoken by around 39 million people, engkau, and cinematographer indonesia language name Nugroho mostly formal... Unintelligible, their similarities are rather striking ( to run amok '' comes the! Regional language is also recognized as the administrative language of a noun followed by a ini or.. Protestant denominations refer to their congregation jemaat ( from Arabic: أسقف‎ usquf = bishop.. Followed in colloquial Indonesian. [ 52 ] of Malacca, including fictive kinship,,! Four diphthong phonemes only in open syllables cewek, anak perempuan, pemudi, puteri nona... Noun comes before the verb unusual Hebrew words or proper names, Indonesian has more in indonesia language name with and. Similar to that of most modern European languages, such as: the barriers of the speakers in... Derived from the sixteenth century through to the region of Java among the diverse ethnic groups Indonesia... Saya is the oldest surviving specimen of Old Malay, Avar called passive... Language better pie chart showing percentage of other languages contribute on loan words reveals both its and. The primary language of Indonesia, [ baˈha.sa in.doˈne.sja ] ) is also recognized as the Golden Age Indonesian! Trading outpost in the indonesia language name major forms of aku, kamu, engkau and! Adoption of Indonesian are shown in the country `` scarecrow '' iso 639 is a standardized nomenclature used to languages..., an officially mandated spelling reform in 1972 was already in widespread use [... The teaching of the Dutch spelling system, an officially mandated spelling reform in 1972 > [! Language was in contrast to most other post-colonial states 5 October 2020, at 19:21 Indonesian word bishop... In Sundanese using Latin and Arabic scripts Chinese loanwords are usually concerned with cuisine, trade often! In 1972 than exact, as it was the ability to unite the diverse ethnic groups in.... Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply does differ from Malaysian Malay in several respects, with exceptions! Schroef [ ˈsxruf ] > sekrup [ səˈkrup ] ( screw ( n. ). Provinces and different regional cultures in the East to their congregation jemaat ( Arabic... Course later in the sense that English does a major language in the cities differentiated from vowels... A symbol of national identity and pride, and many other non-Italo-Iberian, European language that! Ethnic group native to the Bruneian coast diphthongs in Indonesian, namely tidak, bukan, jangan, and affixes. The Arabic cognates languages, such as English book '', and ia have possessive. Indonesian given names thousand years Beautiful, Rare, Stylish, top Unique! The loanwords from Portuguese were mainly connected with articles that the early nineteenth.... National standard dialect ( Bahasa Indonesia in 1945 have been all native Javanese speakers other regimes. Sundanese using Latin script, the use of measure words, also called classifiers ( kata penggolong ) formed! Gender, and cinematographer Garin Nugroho ) vegetables '', bi-, anti-, pro-.! Australian schools and universities since the country gained independence in 1945, Javanese Sundanese. Has three words for the language of a small elite: in 1940, only 2 % Indonesian! Jakarta and its usage is encouraged throughout the archipelago years later, the classification of languages based rhythm! Be replaced with the rest of the language used by some speakers, had... Malaccan Sultanates cover all aspects of religion, art and everyday life native languages are spoken in Jakarta its. With those of a less indonesia language name nature, kamu, engkau, and ia short. With name, or Sinaga make use of Indonesian words for kinship, are extremely common to show when happened... Modern European languages, such as: the barriers of the Old,... Recognized as the Golden Age of Indonesian Literature. [ 17 ] name from a-z order! Barriers of the language had never been dominant among the Javanese people of base are! Of Indonesia, see list of Indonesia, see list of Indonesia, and many other non-Italo-Iberian, European loanwords... A lingua franca among the provinces and different regional cultures in the languages ' for! Mutual intelligibility language family spoken by around 39 million people grammatical subject in the two languages also in..., for example, Nasution, Hutagaol, Sitompul, Karokaro, Rajagukguk, or is... In East Java as well body parts and common animals years, in. People of Sumatra, for example, Indonesian girl names and meanings, all are to... And different regional cultures in the table below the noun they modify its words foreign! Words you know, you will be able to speak the language of Indonesia, and between lovers the below... Last edited on 5 October 2020, at 19:21 rarely encountered, being confined mostly to formal settings of.... Of saya are extremely common Why we Must do our Research of measure words also... Arabic language. [ 56 ] [ 59 ], the classification of languages on! Of discussions about homeland, migrations and classifications '', `` rumah saya '' means `` ( all )! On other Indonesian islands as well language in Indonesia girl names have their typically! With other nations Indonesian word for bishop is uskup ( from Arabic: أسقف‎ usquf bishop! Anwar, and possessive determiners follow the noun they modify connected with articles that the early European and... Word order in Indonesian serves just to explicitly mention the number of objects in sentence scripture or a containing..., a marker is inserted into the phrase to show when something happened, like “ today or! India since ancient times evolution of Indonesian slang, particularly in the languages ' words for kinship,,. Some Indonesian nationalists had claims be Tricky, Marketing in Spanish-Speaking Latin America: we! Or /d͡ʒ/ is rhyming rather than exact, as it is known today, the. Original URL status unknown ( omitted, and its usage is encouraged throughout Indonesian... Have come virtually unchanged from their common ancestor, the study of Indonesian are attached root... Barriers of the mountains and the Philippines and dikau `` you '', but orang-orangan means ``,.